基本步骤：

1. 导入sqlite3模块
2. 使用connect()方法连接数据库（文件或内存数据库）
3. 创建游标对象执行SQL命令
4. 执行CREATE TABLE语句创建表
5. 提交更改并关闭连接

最佳实践：

• 始终使用参数化查询（?占位符）防止SQL注入
• 批量插入时使用executemany()提高性能
• 插入后调用commit()保存更改

基本查询方法：

# 查询所有学生
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")
all_students = cursor.fetchall()

# 查询单个学生
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students WHERE name=?", ('张三',))
student = cursor.fetchone()

# 查询特定列
cursor.execute("SELECT name, grade FROM students WHERE age >= ?", (18,))
seniors = cursor.fetchall()

注意事项：

• UPDATE和DELETE操作必须谨慎，先SELECT确认目标数据
• WHERE子句应尽可能具体，避免意外修改
• 操作后使用rowcount属性检查受影响的行数
• 重要操作前备份数据库

使用事务

try:
    # 开始事务（默认已开始）
    cursor.execute("BEGIN TRANSACTION")
    
    # 执行多个操作
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (...) VALUES (...)")
    cursor.execute("UPDATE students SET ... WHERE ...")
    
    # 提交事务
    conn.commit()
    
except sqlite3.Error as e:
    # 发生错误时回滚
    conn.rollback()
    print(f"数据库错误: {e}")
    
finally:
    # 确保连接关闭
    conn.close()

import sqlite3

class StudentManager:
    def __init__(self, db_name='students.db'):
        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(db_name)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        self._create_table()
        
    def _create_table(self):
        """创建学生表"""
        self.cursor.execute('''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                name TEXT NOT NULL,
                age INTEGER,
                grade TEXT,
                created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
            )
        ''')
        self.conn.commit()
        
    def add_student(self, name, age, grade):
        """添加学生"""
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(
                "INSERT INTO students (name, age, grade) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
                (name, age, grade)
            self.conn.commit()
            print(f"学生 {name} 添加成功!")
            return self.cursor.lastrowid
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            print(f"添加学生失败: {e}")
            return None
            
    def get_all_students(self):
        """获取所有学生"""
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")
        return self.cursor.fetchall()
        
    def update_student_grade(self, student_id, new_grade):
        """更新学生年级"""
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(
                "UPDATE students SET grade = ? WHERE id = ?",
                (new_grade, student_id)
            )
            if self.cursor.rowcount == 0:
                print(f"未找到ID为 {student_id} 的学生")
                return False
            self.conn.commit()
            print("更新成功!")
            return True
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            print(f"更新失败: {e}")
            return False
            
    def delete_student(self, student_id):
        """删除学生"""
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(
                "DELETE FROM students WHERE id = ?",
                (student_id,)
            )
            if self.cursor.rowcount == 0:
                print(f"未找到ID为 {student_id} 的学生")
                return False
            self.conn.commit()
            print("删除成功!")
            return True
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            print(f"删除失败: {e}")
            return False
            
    def close(self):
        """关闭数据库连接"""
        self.conn.close()
        
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
        
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.close()

# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    with StudentManager() as manager:
        # 添加学生
        manager.add_student("张三", 18, "高三")
        manager.add_student("李四", 17, "高二")
        
        # 获取所有学生
        print("所有学生:")
        for student in manager.get_all_students():
            print(student)
            
        # 更新学生信息
        manager.update_student_grade(1, "毕业班")
        
        # 删除学生
        manager.delete_student(2)